Nut allergies are among the most common food allergies. Unlike many other food allergies, though, they are not outgrown with childhood. Only about 9 percent of kids with tree nut allergies leave them behind with age. Nut allergies can range from mild to severe. A mild reaction may include:
Nuts can also lead to more serious symptoms such as anaphylaxis which can, if untreated, lead to cardiac arrest (no heart rate) or respiratory arrest (no breathing).
People with allergies to one kind of tree nut frequently react to other kinds as well. Thus, doctors generally recommend using caution with all nuts where sensitivity to one type is demonstrated. Common tree nuts include walnuts, pecans, macadamia nuts, pine nuts, and hickory nuts. Peanuts are legumes—not nuts—but they are chemically similar to tree nuts, so people are often reactive to both.
Am I Allergic?
If you suspect a nut allergy, contact an allergist. (Note that allergies are often genetic, so if you’re at risk, your child may be, too.) Your doctor can perform a blood test or skin-prick food allergy test to determine your sensitivity to nuts. Your doctor may prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector—the first-line treatment for anaphylactic reactions. Doctors often recommend that you carry two of these at all times as a precaution.
Avoidance
Avoiding nuts is easier in today’s world than it used to be thanks to the Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act (FALCPA). This legislation was passed in 2006 and requires food manufacturers to disclose major allergens on product labels. If you have a nut or peanut allergy, read labels closely, and don’t just assume that because a product was once nut-free it will always be. Sometimes manufacturers change ingredients or processing patterns, so be vigilant to make sure that products stay nut-free. In addition to products with obvious nuts, watch out for marzipan, pesto, and products with nut oils or nut flavorings (such as walnut hull extracts).
Treatment
While avoidance has long been the only path for nut allergy sufferers, there is now a nut allergy treatment option known as sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). SLIT uses oral allergy drops that absorb through cells in the mouth and help desensitize the body to the nut proteins that cause allergic reactions. Studies at Duke and Cambridge Universities helped attract public attention to ongoing use of this therapy. Those studies showed immunotherapy to be effective in reducing sensitivities to peanut allergies. Allergy treatment drops have also been shown to be effective with tree nuts. Talk to your doctor about prescribing sublingual immunotherapy for nut allergy treatment.
